What are the Different Types of Dog Tumors?

If you’ve found a lump or bump on your dog or recently received a diagnosis involving tumors, you’re probably feeling overwhelmed and searching for answers. Tumors in dogs range from harmless fatty lumps to serious forms of cancer, but only a vet can tell you for sure.

Let’s walk through the essentials: what to look for, what might cause these growths, and the steps you can take next.

What are dog tumors?

A tumor is an abnormal mass of cells. In dogs, tumors can be benign (non-cancerous and non-spreading) or malignant (cancerous and capable of spreading to other parts of the body). According to the Veterinary Cancer Society, 1 in 4 dogs will develop malignant cancer in their lifetime, and for those 10 years old and older, that statistic rises to 1 in 2.

Tumors can appear anywhere on your dog’s body: under the skin, in internal organs, or on the bones. Some grow quickly, while others stay the same size for months or years. No matter their size or appearance, it’s essential to have a vet evaluate any new or changing lump.

Signs and symptoms of dog tumors

You may notice physical changes or behavioral symptoms if your dog has a tumor. Keep an eye out for signs like:

• A new lump or bump, or changes in an existing one
• Unexplained weight loss
• Lethargy or reduced activity
• Wounds that aren’t healing
• Bleeding (including from the mouth, nose, or genitals)
• Difficulty eating, breathing, or urinating
• Persistent coughing or vomiting

If you’ve noticed any of these signs, it’s always better to consult with your vet sooner rather than later. Early detection makes a huge difference in treatment outcomes, and if the tumor turns out to be benign, you can breathe a little easier knowing cancer has been ruled out.

Understanding tumor types in dogs

Let’s break down some common types of tumors in dogs and what they involve:

Benign tumors in dogs

Benign tumors don’t spread to other parts of the body, but they can still grow large and cause discomfort. Examples include:

• Lipomas: Fatty tumors that feel soft and movable. These are common in older dogs and usually harmless.
• Histiocytomas: Small red bumps often seen in younger dogs. They typically resolve on their own.
• Skin tags or warts: Often related to aging and not a significant risk to health.

Malignant tumors in dogs

Malignant tumors, on the other hand, can invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. Some common types include:

• Mast cell tumors: The most common skin cancer in dogs, especially in breeds like Boxers or Pugs. Their severity ranges widely.
• Lymphoma: Cancer of the lymphatic system. You might notice swollen lymph nodes under the jaw or behind the knees.
• Osteosarcoma: A fast-moving bone cancer frequently affecting large breeds like Great Danes or Golden Retrievers.
• Hemangiosarcoma: A deadly cancer of the blood vessels often found in the spleen or liver.
• Melanoma: Commonly affecting the mouth or nail beds. These tumors have a high chance of spreading.

How are tumors diagnosed?

Diagnosis often starts with a physical exam, followed by diagnostic tests like:

• Fine needle aspirate (FNA): Taking a small sample of cells from the tumor with a thin needle.
• Biopsy: Collecting a tissue sample for more in-depth examination under a microscope.
• Imaging: X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans help determine if the tumor has spread.

If these tests reveal that your dog’s tumor is malignant, your vet will stage the cancer, which involves understanding the tumor type, size, and spread. Staging is vital for choosing the right treatment plan.

Treatment options for dog tumors

Your vet will create a treatment plan based on the tumor type, location, and stage. Common treatments include:

• Surgery: Removing the tumor entirely if possible.
• Chemotherapy: Using medication to target cancer cells, commonly paired with lymphoma treatment.
• Radiation therapy: High-energy radiation to shrink or destroy tumors.
• Immunotherapy: Enhancing the immune system to attack specific cancers.
• Palliative care: Focusing on pain relief and quality of life when curing cancer isn’t an option.

The earlier treatment begins, the better the outcome. Don’t hesitate to discuss these options and their costs with your vet.

Does pet insurance cover tumors?

The short answer: it depends on when your policy started and when symptoms first appeared.

If your dog develops a tumor after your policy is active and your waiting periods have passed, Lemonade Pet’s base accident and illness policy can cover diagnostics, treatments, and medications related to their condition. That includes things like bloodwork, imaging, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

One important thing to know: if you notice a lump or bump, or tests show any abnormalities, before you sign up (or during the waiting period for illnesses), those conditions would be considered pre-existing and wouldn’t be covered. This is why it’s worth getting a policy in place before anything shows up.

Before we go

Finding a lump on your dog can be scary, but you don’t have to face it alone. Work with your vet to determine what’s going on, explore treatment options, and consider how insurance might help reduce the financial stress of care. Most of all, remember you’re doing your best to keep your four-legged family member healthy and happy.

Frequently Asked Questions

A few quick words, because we <3 our lawyers: This post is general in nature, and any statement in it doesn’t alter the terms, conditions, exclusions, or limitations of the policies issued, which differ according to your state of residence. You’re encouraged to discuss your specific circumstances with your own professional advisors. The purpose of this post is merely to provide you with info and insights you can use to make such discussions more productive! Naturally, all comments by, or references to, third parties represent their own views, and Lemonade assumes no responsibility for them. Coverage may not be available in all states. Please note that statements about coverages, policy management, claims processes, Giveback, and customer support apply to policies underwritten by Lemonade Insurance Company or Metromile Insurance Company, a Lemonade company, sold by Lemonade Insurance Agency, LLC.  The statements do not apply to policies underwritten by other carriers.